Lyndon B. Johnson was born on August 27, 1908, just a little ways away from Johnson City in Central Texas. As Johnson grew up, he felt some of the effects of rural poverty. He attended Southwest Texas State Teachers College (now known as Texas State University – San Marcos), and Johnson sometimes taught students of Mexican descent, teaching him compassion for the less fortunate.
In 1934, Johnson married his wife, the former Claudia “Lady Bird” Taylor, whom would help him on his 1937 campaign for the House of Representatives. His campaign was successful on his New Deal platform.
During a brief time as a lieutenant commander in the Navy during World War II, Johnson won a Silver Star in the South Pacific. He was later elected to Senate after six terms in the House in 1948, and in 1953, he became the youngest Minority Leader. In 1954, when the Democrats had won control, Johnson became the youngest Majority Leader. Dwight D. Eisenhower even worked closely with Johnson due to his rare skills.
John F. Kennedy chose Johnson as his running mate for the presidential election of 1960. Johnson became the Vice President when he and Kennedy won the election, and was sworn into office as President in 1963 when Kennedy was assassinated.
After Kennedy had been assassinated, Johnson’s first priority was to get the bills passed that Kennedy had left behind or that had been unable have been passed, such as a new civil rights bill and tax cut. Once he had achieved some of these tasks, he began focusing on creating “A Great Society.” In 1964, Johnson won the presidential election with 61 percent and by the largest popular vote margin in American history. The margin was over 15,000,000 votes. In January 1965, Johnson made The Great Society his main priority. With The Great Society, there would be aid to education, attack on disease, urban renewal, civil rights laws, and aid for the poor and underdeveloped communities. He was able to get Congress to pass many of his laws by using the name of John F. Kennedy. Congress would sometimes make a change or add to the laws however. Many elderly people found help in the 1965 Medicare amendment to the Social Security Act.
With Johnson as President, the U.S. made great strides toward a better country. The country made amazing headway in the exploration of space with Johnson supporting the NASA program from the very beginning. Despite the great achievements that were being accomplished, two major crises were tearing the country apart. Even though Johnson had been able to get anti-poverty and anti-discrimination programs started, unrest and riots in black ghettos troubled the nation. He managed to do everything that he could against segregation and to keep order in the U.S., but there was not an early solution to help the troubled country. The other crisis was the war in Vietnam. Johnson put forth the effort to stop all Communist aggression and to end the fighting, but it continued. By 1968, he had limited the bombings of North Vietnam in hope to begin peace negotiations because of the large controversy about the war back in the States. Johnson also withdrew as a candidate for the presidential election in 1968 to solely search for peace. Nixon would become president the following term.
After Johnson left office, peace talks were well on there way. He would not live to see them be successful and end the war though because on January 22, 1973, Johnson died of a severe heart attack at his ranch in Texas.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8d_24rNoPDU
Here is the website that the information above is from: http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/LyndonJohnson
Watch the video of Johnson’s inauguration and tell me what part you found most moving and why? In addition, what do you think was the best thing that Johnson did while he was in office? Explain your reasoning.
Tim Tavenner
Period 4
Wednesday, June 3, 2009
Tuesday, June 2, 2009
Vietnam War Overview
The Vietnam War, 1954 – 1975, originated from a long time battle between the French and Vietnamese over the rule of Vietnam. Vietnam was ruled as a colony of the French for one hundred years, but was forced to leave. In 1954, France and Vietnam signed the Geneva Peace Accords, which divided the communist northern Vietnam and the republican southern Vietnam at the 17th parallel. This division was only supposed to last until the elections of 1956. The U.S. and John Foster Dulles had other plans however because they felt that the Geneva Accords granted too much power to the Communist Party of North Vietnam.
In 1955, the Eisenhower administration provided massive amounts of support to help form South Vietnam. The following year, Ngo Dinh Diem, a strong anti-Communist figure from the South, won presidency and almost immediately claimed that the North was attacking. He began a counterattack and passed repressive laws. Citizens were upset about these laws. Many people in the Kennedy administration were split on the question whether or not Diem was the right man for the position that he filled. From 1956 – 1960, the Communist Party of Vietnam desired to reunify the country using only political means. They tried to get Diem to collapse by applying a tremendous amount of internal political pressure. In 1959, and again in 1960, Communists convinced the Party to use revolutionary violence to overthrow Diem. A broad based united front to help mobilize those that opposed the South’s government resulted. It was called the National Liberation Front and was formed at the end of 1960. Anyone that opposed Diem and wanted to unify the country could join the NLF.
In December of 1961, Kennedy sent a team to Vietnam to report on conditions and to asses how much American aid the South would need. Some advised Kennedy suggested sending more help to stabilize the Diem regime and destroy the NLF, while others suggested withdrawing all together. He decided to take the middle road and sent some aid of machinery and weapons, but would not intervene entirely by sending whole-scale troops. The NLF continued to win however and the Strategic Hamlet was formed to help separate the villagers from the NLF. By 1963, Diem and his brother, Ngo Dinh Nhu, had caused large scale upsets amongst many of their own supporters. Several people protested, such as the Buddhists whom would publically burn themselves to death. Diem and Nhu were later captured and killed. Kennedy was assassinated three weeks later and Lyndon B. Johnson became President of the United States, and as problems continued to worsen in Vietnam, Johnson wanted to get more involved in the war. He asked for more expansive war powers. In 1964, a U.S. ship in the Gulf of Tonkin was supposedly shot at on multiple occasions. Johnson used this as a way to get the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution passed to gain more power in the war and to get more involved. In 1965, he sent the first combat troops to Vietnam.
By 1968 however, things had deteriorated for the Johnson administration. The North launched coordinate attacks on all major southern cities. These attacks later became known as the Tet Offensive in the West, and they had forced Johnson to bargain with the Communist Party. He began hinting that he would not seek re-nomination as president and that he would compromise with the Communists to end the war. In 1968, secret negotiations to end the war began in Paris and Richard Nixon became president. Nixon had secret plans to end the war. He wanted to bring American troops home, to rely more on air attacks, and have the South’s army take care of more of the ground attacks. During the Nixon years, war also expanded into neighboring countries of Laos and Cambodia, causing great upset all over. The air war did not deter the Communist Party however, and it made for hard demands in Paris.
By 1972, a preliminary peace draft had been drawn up. This peace treaty was rejected and though, and things were only made worse when Nixon bombed the North’s largest cities. These air raids brought immediate condemnation on the international level and forced the Nixon administration to review its tactics and negotiation strategies. In early 1973, the Nixon White House convinced the South that they would not abandon them if they signed on to the peace accord. Therefore, the final draft was signed and open hostilities between the U.S. and North Vietnam ended. The Paris Peace Agreement did not end the conflict in Vietnam however. The North and South continued to fight until 1975 when the North captured the South’s presidential palace. The North had won despite the attempts the South made to keep from political and military collapse.
Here is the website that I got the information from, but there is much more to be found. Use this link and the other information on this page to accomplish the following tasks.
http://www.pbs.org/battlefieldvietnam/history/index.html
Do you agree with the U.S.’s involvement in Vietnam? Why or why not? Use the timeline feature on the PBS web page to choose what you think are the three most important events and explain why you chose the ones that you did.
Tim Tavenner
Period 4
In 1955, the Eisenhower administration provided massive amounts of support to help form South Vietnam. The following year, Ngo Dinh Diem, a strong anti-Communist figure from the South, won presidency and almost immediately claimed that the North was attacking. He began a counterattack and passed repressive laws. Citizens were upset about these laws. Many people in the Kennedy administration were split on the question whether or not Diem was the right man for the position that he filled. From 1956 – 1960, the Communist Party of Vietnam desired to reunify the country using only political means. They tried to get Diem to collapse by applying a tremendous amount of internal political pressure. In 1959, and again in 1960, Communists convinced the Party to use revolutionary violence to overthrow Diem. A broad based united front to help mobilize those that opposed the South’s government resulted. It was called the National Liberation Front and was formed at the end of 1960. Anyone that opposed Diem and wanted to unify the country could join the NLF.
In December of 1961, Kennedy sent a team to Vietnam to report on conditions and to asses how much American aid the South would need. Some advised Kennedy suggested sending more help to stabilize the Diem regime and destroy the NLF, while others suggested withdrawing all together. He decided to take the middle road and sent some aid of machinery and weapons, but would not intervene entirely by sending whole-scale troops. The NLF continued to win however and the Strategic Hamlet was formed to help separate the villagers from the NLF. By 1963, Diem and his brother, Ngo Dinh Nhu, had caused large scale upsets amongst many of their own supporters. Several people protested, such as the Buddhists whom would publically burn themselves to death. Diem and Nhu were later captured and killed. Kennedy was assassinated three weeks later and Lyndon B. Johnson became President of the United States, and as problems continued to worsen in Vietnam, Johnson wanted to get more involved in the war. He asked for more expansive war powers. In 1964, a U.S. ship in the Gulf of Tonkin was supposedly shot at on multiple occasions. Johnson used this as a way to get the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution passed to gain more power in the war and to get more involved. In 1965, he sent the first combat troops to Vietnam.
By 1968 however, things had deteriorated for the Johnson administration. The North launched coordinate attacks on all major southern cities. These attacks later became known as the Tet Offensive in the West, and they had forced Johnson to bargain with the Communist Party. He began hinting that he would not seek re-nomination as president and that he would compromise with the Communists to end the war. In 1968, secret negotiations to end the war began in Paris and Richard Nixon became president. Nixon had secret plans to end the war. He wanted to bring American troops home, to rely more on air attacks, and have the South’s army take care of more of the ground attacks. During the Nixon years, war also expanded into neighboring countries of Laos and Cambodia, causing great upset all over. The air war did not deter the Communist Party however, and it made for hard demands in Paris.
By 1972, a preliminary peace draft had been drawn up. This peace treaty was rejected and though, and things were only made worse when Nixon bombed the North’s largest cities. These air raids brought immediate condemnation on the international level and forced the Nixon administration to review its tactics and negotiation strategies. In early 1973, the Nixon White House convinced the South that they would not abandon them if they signed on to the peace accord. Therefore, the final draft was signed and open hostilities between the U.S. and North Vietnam ended. The Paris Peace Agreement did not end the conflict in Vietnam however. The North and South continued to fight until 1975 when the North captured the South’s presidential palace. The North had won despite the attempts the South made to keep from political and military collapse.
Here is the website that I got the information from, but there is much more to be found. Use this link and the other information on this page to accomplish the following tasks.
http://www.pbs.org/battlefieldvietnam/history/index.html
Do you agree with the U.S.’s involvement in Vietnam? Why or why not? Use the timeline feature on the PBS web page to choose what you think are the three most important events and explain why you chose the ones that you did.
Tim Tavenner
Period 4
Monday, June 1, 2009
I Will Remember the Titans
Remember the Titans is a great film. There I said it. I love this movie, from the first scene to the end credits. The cast is amazing, the story is amazing, the football games are amazing. The story takes place in 1971, just months away from a non-segregated high school to become open. The head coach, Herman Boone, played by Denzel Washington, is black. The assistant coach, who used to be the head coach until he was replace by Boone, is Bill Yoast played by Will Patton. Both these actors have an amazing chemistry, struggling with each other, fighting each other, and in the end, becoming best friends. They are not the only inter-racial friends that are formed throughout this movie. There is an entire side plot dedicated to two of the defensive players, the white Garry, and the black Julius.
In the film’s beginning all the characters are racist, black and white. The white boys do not want to play with the blacks and the black boys do not want to play with the whites. Boone decides to change this by taking them to a secluded college campus for summer camp. His first controversial move is to assign the buses to offense and defense, and not by black and white. When they arrive to camp and there is still hatred, Boone decides to make room mates inter-racial as well. Over time the players begin to respect each other and eventually become friends. They get back from camp to come home to all the racist tension. As the players are getting adjusted to life outside of the hate free camp, Coach Boone is told that the board of education did not expect him to make it as far as he did. To make sure that Yoast gets his old job back, and that they do not have a black head coach, the board will fire Boone if they see any sign of trouble, which means if the Titans lose a game, Boone will be fired. From then on it is a struggle to win each and every game. Yoast, though still upset about his job, sees the importance of the success of Boone and the Titans, and helps Boone take them all the way to win the championship game.
Though this is a Disney movie there are a lot of mature themes. Including one scene when the school first opens and there are white students out front along with their parents yelling and mocking the black students. This movie is the best sports movie ever made in my opinion and should be watched immediately by any one who has not seen it yet.
After watching the movie, what did you find most disgusting. What made you think, “wow, this really happened?” Also what did you think was the worst act of racism in the movie, white or black? What did you think was the best act of equality shown in the movie?
By Ryan Donovan
Period 4
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